Skip to content

Peptide Solubility Guide — Solvent Selection and Troubleshooting

1. General Solubility by Peptide Character

Peptide Character First Choice Alternative
Hydrophilic (net charge >0) Water, PBS, or 10% ACN/H₂O 0.1% TFA/H₂O
Hydrophobic (net charge 0 or low) 50% ACN/H₂O or DMSO 50% ACN/H₂O + 0.1% TFA
Basic (Lys, Arg, His-rich) Water or 0.1% TFA/H₂O 10% acetic acid
Acidic (Asp, Glu-rich) Water or PBS 0.1% NH₄OH/H₂O
High Cys content 20% ACN/H₂O Add TCEP or DTT
Solvent Polarity Index UV Cutoff (nm) Use
Water 10.2 190 Most polar peptides
PBS (pH 7.4) 200 Biological assays
0.1% TFA/H₂O ~10 210 Acidic dissolution
50% ACN/H₂O ~7.5 200 Hydrophobic peptides
DMSO 7.2 265 Universal solvent

3. Troubleshooting

Problem Likely Cause Solution
Peptide won't dissolve Too hydrophobic Add 10 – 20% ACN or 1 drop TFA
Solution cloudy Aggregation Add 6 M guanidine or heat briefly
Precipitation over time π-stacking (Phe, Trp) Lower concentration, add organic solvent
Gel formation β-sheet formation Add 0.1% SDS or 20% HFIP